In the bowl of a stand mixer fitted with the whisk attachment, whip the heavy cream until stiff peaks form, 6-7 minutes.
In a medium bowl, mix the mascarpone, maple syrup, 1 teaspoon of the cinnamon, and vanilla until fully combined. Fold in the whipped cream until smooth.
Add the coffee to a shallow bowl or pie plate. Quickly dip each ladyfinger into the coffee, being careful not to soak it too long, and add to a 9×9-inch baking dish in a single layer (you’ll use half the ladyfingers).
Spread half of the whipped cream mixture over the ladyfingers. Repeat with the remaining coffee, ladyfingers, and whipped cream mixture. Cover with plastic wrap and chill in the refrigerator for at least 4 hours or overnight.
Dust with cocoa powder and remaining cinnamon before serving.